Prevalence and Pattern of Mineral Bone Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in South-South Nigeria

Background: Mineral bone disease (MBD) is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and characteristics of CKD-MBD among adult patients with CKD attending the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.

Methods: One hundred and fifty subjects with chronic kidney disease patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this study were recruited. Patients had a detailed clinical assessment, biochemical and radiological evaluations for CKD-MBD. Biochemical investigations included serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and alkaline phosphatase.

Results: The age range of the patients was 22-80 years, with a mean of 45.1 (±11.9) years. There were 90 males and 60 females with male to female ratio of 1.5:1. The prevalence of CKD-MBD in the study population was 55.3%. Of this, sixty one (73.5%) patients had low turnover bone disease while 22 (26.5%) patients had high turnover bone disease. The mean values for serum PTH, serum calcium, serum phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and caxpo 4 product among the CKD-MBD patients were 205.06±112.6 pg/ml, 2.56±0.73 mmol/l, 1.63±0.63 mmol/l, 109.26±65.57I U/L and 4.07±1.28 mmol2/l2 respectively but the values among non CKD-MBD patients were 123.08±120.99 pg/ml, 2.32±0.46 mmol/l, 1.54±0.57 mmol/l, 108.13±51.84I U/L and 3.52±1.32 mmol2/l2 respectively.

Conclusion: The prevalence of CKD-MBD in our environment is high and low turnover bone disease is the commonest type.